Understanding DBS

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a treatment option for people with advanced Parkinson's disease. It uses one or two surgically implanted medical devices called neurostimulators, similar to cardiac pacemakers, to deliver electrical stimulation to precisely targeted areas on each side of the brain. This is commonly called deep brain stimulation. Stimulation of these areas appears to block the signals that cause the disabling motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease. As a result, many patients achieve greater control over their body movements.

What are the components of a DBS system?

A DBS system includes three components, which are implanted completely inside the body.

1. Neurostimulator – A pacemaker-like device that is the power source for the system. It contains a small battery and computer chip programmed to send electrical pulses to control Parkinson's disease symptoms.
2. Lead – An insulated wire with four electrodes.
3. Extension – An insulated wire placed under the scalp that connects to the lead and runs behind the ear, down the neck, and into the chest below the collar-bone where it connects to the neurostimulator.

Which areas of the brain are stimulated?

With the DBS one of two areas may be stimulated: either the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or the internal globus pallidus (GPi). These structures are deep within the brain and involved in motor control. These structures control movement and muscle function. A neurosurgeon determines which structure will be stimulated.

Who is a candidate for DBS?

DBS is used for Parkinson's patients in the advanced stages of the disease. Patients must be "levodopa responsive." This means the primary symptoms respond to the drug levodopa. A person's age or pre-existing medical condition does not necessarily exclude him or her from becoming a candidate for DBS. A doctor considers all factors before determining if a patient is a good candidate.

 

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