Cognitive problems for people with Parkinson’s disease vary widely and severity may fluctuate throughout the day. Many people complain of changes in their thinking and mental abilities but it should be stressed that comparatively few go on to develop dementia. It is thought that the majority of people with Parkinson’s experience some degree of cognitive impairment, albeit mild in many cases. One study found that after 10 years with Parkinson’s, 80% experienced cognitive difficulties1, whereas about 15-20% developed dementia2.
Possible causes
Why cognitive problems occur in Parkinson's is not yet fully understood but there are several probable reasons. Age is one of the strongest risk factors, with a much lower incidence in those whose are under 50.
The most likely cause of cognitive difficulties is thought to be damage to the areas of the brain involved in higher brain functions through disease progression into these areas.
Other possible reasons include:
- poor general health, such as vitamin deficiencies or abnormal thyroid function
- sleep disturbance and fatigue – these can impact on concentration and memory
- psychological factors such as stress, depression and anxiety.
Often both biological and psychological factors are involved and if you have cognitive difficulties and experience any of the problems listed above it is important to consult your doctor. Treating such symptoms will not only increase your chances of alleviating your cognitive difficulties but will also enhance your quality of life.
